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There's no set formula for writing a topic sentence. Rather, you should work to vary the form your topic sentences take. Repeated too often, any method grows wearisome. Here are a few approaches. Complex sentences. Topic sentences at the beginning of a paragraph frequently combine with a transition from the previous paragraph. This might be done by writing a sentence that contains both subordinate and independent clauses, as in the example below.

Although Young Woman with a Water Pitcher depicts an unknown, middle-class woman at an ordinary task, the image is more than "realistic"; the painter [Vermeer] has imposed his own order upon it to strengthen it.

This sentence employs a useful principle of transitions: always move from old to new information. Questions, sometimes in pairs, also make good topic sentences and signposts. Consider the following: "Does the promise of stability justify this unchanging hierarchy?

Questions are by definition a form of inquiry, and thus demand an answer. Good essays strive for this forward momentum. Bridge sentences. Like questions, "bridge sentences" the term is John Trimble's make an excellent substitute for more formal topic sentences.

Bridge sentences indicate both what came before and what comes next they "bridge" paragraphs without the formal trappings of multiple clauses: "But there is a clue to this puzzle. Topic sentences don't always appear at the beginning of a paragraph. When they come in the middle, they indicate that the paragraph will change direction, or "pivot. Hymer herself concedes.

The pivot always needs a signal, a word like "but," "yet," or "however," or a longer phrase or sentence that indicates an about-face. It often needs more than one sentence to make its point. Signposts operate as topic sentences for whole sections in an essay. In longer essays, sections often contain more than a single paragraph. They inform a reader that the essay is taking a turn in its argument: delving into a related topic such as a counter-argument, stepping up its claims with a complication, or pausing to give essential historical or scholarly background.

Because they reveal the architecture of the essay itself, signposts remind readers of what the essay's stakes are: what it's about, and why it's being written. Signposting can be accomplished in a sentence or two at the beginning of a paragraph or in whole paragraphs that serve as transitions between one part of the argument and the next. The following example comes from an essay examining how a painting by Monet, The Gare Saint-Lazare: Arrival of a Train, challenges Zola's declarations about Impressionist art.

The student writer wonders whether Monet's Impressionism is really as devoted to avoiding "ideas" in favor of direct sense impressions as Zola's claims would seem to suggest. The urge to write short stories is rare. The pencils have all been used. The pirates seized the crew of the lost ship. We tried to replace the coin but failed.

She sewed the torn coat quite neatly. The sofa cushion is red and of light weight. H17 Harvard Sentences The jacket hung on the back of the wide chair. At that high level the air is pure.

Drop the two when you add the figures. A filing case is now hard to buy. An abrupt start does not win the prize. Wood is best for making toys and blocks. The office paint was a dull, sad tan. He knew the skill of the great young actress. A rag will soak up spilled water. A shower of dirt fell from the hot pipes. H18 Harvard Sentences Steam hissed from the broken valve.

The child almost hurt the small dog. There was a sound of dry leaves outside. The sky that morning was clear and bright blue. Torn scraps littered the stone floor. Sunday is the best part of the week. The doctor cured him with these pills. The new girl was fired today at noon. They felt gay when the ship arrived in port. H19 Harvard Sentences Acid burns holes in wool cloth. Fairy tales should be fun to write.

Eight miles of woodland burned to waste. The third act was dull and tired the players. A young child should not suffer fright. Add the column and put the sum here. We admire and love a good cook. There the flood mark is ten inches. He carved a head from the round block of marble. She has a smart way of wearing clothes. H20 Harvard Sentences The fruit of a fig tree is apple shaped.

Corn cobs can be used to kindle a fire. Where were they when the noise started. The paper box is full of thumb tacks. Sell your gift to a buyer at a good gain. The tongs lay beside the ice pail. The petals fall with the next puff of wind. Bring your best compass to the third class. They could laugh although they were sad. Farmers came in to thresh the oat crop. H21 Harvard Sentences The brown house was on fire to the attic.

The lure is used to catch trout and flounder. Float the soap on top of the bath water. A blue crane is a tall wading bird. A fresh start will work such wonders. The club rented the rink for the fifth night. After the dance, they went straight home. The hostess taught the new maid to serve. He wrote his last novel there at the inn. Even the worst will beat his low score.

H22 Harvard Sentences The cement had dried when he moved it. The loss of the second ship was hard to take. The fly made its way along the wall. Do that with a wooden stick. Live wires should be kept covered. The large house had hot water taps.

It is hard to erase blue or red ink. Write at once or you may forget it. The doorknob was made of bright clean brass. The wreck occurred by the bank on Main Street. H23 Harvard Sentences A pencil with black lead writes best. Coax a young calf to drink from a bucket. Schools for ladies teach charm and grace. The lamp shone with a steady green flame. They took the axe and the saw to the forest. The ancient coin was quite dull and worn. The shaky barn fell with a loud crash. Jazz and swing fans like fast music.

Rake the rubbish up and then burn it. Slash the gold cloth into fine ribbons. H24 Harvard Sentences Try to have the court decide the case. They are pushed back each time they attack. He broke his ties with groups of former friends. They floated on the raft to sun their white backs. The map had an X that meant nothing. Whitings are small fish caught in nets. Some ads serve to cheat buyers. Jerk the rope and the bell rings weakly. A waxed floor makes us lose balance.

Madam, this is the best brand of corn. H25 Harvard Sentences On the islands the sea breeze is soft and mild. The play began as soon as we sat down. This will lead the world to more sound and fury. Add salt before you fry the egg. The rush for funds reached its peak Tuesday.

The birch looked stark white and lonesome. The box is held by a bright red snapper. To make pure ice, you freeze water. The first worm gets snapped early. Jump the fence and hurry up the bank. H26 Harvard Sentences Yell and clap as the curtain slides back. They are men who walk the middle of the road. Both brothers wear the same size. In some form or other we need fun. The prince ordered his head chopped off. The houses are built of red clay bricks. Ducks fly north but lack a compass.

Fruit flavors are used in fizz drinks. These pills do less good than others. Canned pears lack full flavor. H27 Harvard Sentences The dark pot hung in the front closet. Carry the pail to the wall and spill it there. The train brought our hero to the big town. We are sure that one war is enough.

Gray paint stretched for miles around. The rude laugh filled the empty room. High seats are best for football fans.

Tea served from the brown jug is tasty. A dash of pepper spoils beef stew. A zestful food is the hot-cross bun. H28 Harvard Sentences The horse trotted around the field at a brisk pace. Find the twin who stole the pearl necklace. Cut the cord that binds the box tightly. The red tape bound the smuggled food. Look in the corner to find the tan shirt.

The cold drizzle will halt the bond drive. Nine men were hired to dig the ruins. The junk yard had a mouldy smell. The flint sputtered and lit a pine torch. Soak the cloth and drown the sharp odor. H29 Harvard Sentences The shelves were bare of both jam or crackers. A joy to every child is the swan boat. All sat frozen and watched the screen. A cloud of dust stung his tender eyes. To reach the end he needs much courage. Shape the clay gently into block form. A ridge on a smooth surface is a bump or flaw.

Hedge apples may stain your hands green. Quench your thirst, then eat the crackers. Tight curls get limp on rainy days. H30 Harvard Sentences The mute muffled the high tones of the horn. The gold ring fits only a pierced ear. The old pan was covered with hard fudge. Watch the log float in the wide river. The node on the stalk of wheat grew daily. The heap of fallen leaves was set on fire.

Write fast if you want to finish early. His shirt was clean but one button was gone. The barrel of beer was a brew of malt and hops. Tin cans are absent from store shelves. H31 Harvard Sentences Slide the box into that empty space.

The plant grew large and green in the window. Pink clouds floated with the breeze. She danced like a swan, tall and graceful. The tube was blown and the tire flat and useless. It is late morning on the old wall clock. The last switch cannot be turned off.

The fight will end in just six minutes. H32 Harvard Sentences The store walls were lined with colored frocks. The peace league met to discuss their plans. The rise to fame of a person takes luck. Paper is scarce, so write with much care. The quick fox jumped on the sleeping cat. The nozzle of the fire hose was bright brass.

Screw the round cap on as tight as needed. Time brings us many changes. The purple tie was ten years old. Men think and plan and sometimes act. H33 Harvard Sentences Fill the ink jar with sticky glue. He smoke a big pipe with strong contents. We need grain to keep our mules healthy. Pack the records in a neat thin case. The crunch of feet in the snow was the only sound. Boards will warp unless kept dry.

The plush chair leaned against the wall. Glass will clink when struck by metal. Bathe and relax in the cool green grass. H34 Harvard Sentences Nine rows of soldiers stood in a line. The beach is dry and shallow at low tide. The idea is to sew both edges straight. The kitten chased the dog down the street. Pages bound in cloth make a book.

Try to trace the fine lines of the painting. Women form less than half of the group. The zones merge in the central part of town. A gem in the rough needs work to polish.

Code is used when secrets are sent. H35 Harvard Sentences Most of the news is easy for us to hear. He used the lathe to make brass objects. The vane on top of the pole revolved in the wind. Mince pie is a dish served to children.

The clan gathered on each dull night. Let it burn, it gives us warmth and comfort. A castle built from sand fails to endure. Tack the strip of carpet to the worn floor. Next Tuesday we must vote. H36 Harvard Sentences Pour the stew from the pot into the plate. Each penny shone like new. The man went to the woods to gather sticks.

The dirt piles were lines along the road. The logs fell and tumbled into the clear stream. Just hoist it up and take it away. Our plans right now are hazy.

Brass rings are sold by these natives. It takes a good trap to capture a bear. H37 Harvard Sentences Feed the white mouse some flower seeds. The thaw came early and freed the stream. He took the lead and kept it the whole distance. The key you designed will fit the lock. Plead to the council to free the poor thief. Better hash is made of rare beef. This plank was made for walking on.

The lake sparkled in the red hot sun. He crawled with care along the ledge. Tend the sheep while the dog wanders. H38 Harvard Sentences It takes a lot of help to finish these. Mark the spot with a sign painted red. Take two shares as a fair profit. The fur of cats goes by many names. North winds bring colds and fevers. He asks no person to vouch for him. Go now and come here later. A sash of gold silk will trim her dress.

Soap can wash most dirt away. That move means the game is over. H39 Harvard Sentences He wrote down a long list of items. A siege will crack the strong defense. Grape juice and water mix well. Roads are paved with sticky tar. Fake stones shine but cost little. The drip of the rain made a pleasant sound. Smoke poured out of every crack. Serve the hot rum to the tired heroes.

Much of the story makes good sense. The sun came up to light the eastern sky. H40 Harvard Sentences Heave the line over the port side. A lathe cuts and trims any wood. His hip struck the knee of the next player. The stale smell of old beer lingers. The desk was firm on the shaky floor. It takes heat to bring out the odor. Beef is scarcer than some lamb. Raise the sail and steer the ship northward.

A cone costs five cents on Mondays. H41 Harvard Sentences. A pod is what peas always grow in. Jerk that dart from the cork target. No cement will hold hard wood. We now have a new base for shipping. A list of names is carved around the base. The sheep were led home by a dog. Three for a dime, the young peddler cried. The sense of smell is better than that of touch.

No hardship seemed to make him sad. Grace makes up for lack of beauty. H42 Harvard Sentences Nudge gently but wake her now. The news struck doubt into restless minds.

Once we stood beside the shore. A chink in the wall allowed a draft to blow. Fasten two pins on each side. A cold dip restores health and zest. He takes the oath of office each March. The sand drifts over the sills of the old house. The point of the steel pen was bent and twisted. There is a lag between thought and act. H43 Harvard Sentences Seed is needed to plant the spring corn.

Draw the chart with heavy black lines. The boy owed his pal thirty cents. The chap slipped into the crowd and was lost. Hats are worn to tea and not to dinner. The ramp led up to the wide highway. Beat the dust from the rug onto the lawn. Say it slowly but make it ring clear. The straw nest housed five robins. Screen the porch with woven straw mats. H44 Harvard Sentences. This horse will nose his way to the finish. The dry wax protects the deep scratch. He picked up the dice for a second roll.

These coins will be needed to pay his debt. The nag pulled the frail cart along. Twist the valve and release hot steam. The vamp of the shoe had a gold buckle. The smell of burned rags itches my nose.

New pants lack cuffs and pockets. The marsh will freeze when cold enough. H45 Harvard Sentences. They slice the sausage thin with a knife. The bloom of the rose lasts a few days. A gray mare walked before the colt. Breakfast buns are fine with a hot drink. Bottles hold four kinds of rum. The man wore a feather in his felt hat. He wheeled the bike past the winding road. Drop the ashes on the worn old rug. The desk and both chairs were painted tan. Throw out the used paper cup and plate.

H46 Harvard Sentences A clean neck means a neat collar. The couch cover and hall drapes were blue. The stems of the tall glasses cracked and broke. The wall phone rang loud and often. The clothes dried on a thin wooden rack. Turn out the lantern which gives us light. The cleat sank deeply into the soft turf. The bills were mailed promptly on the tenth of the month. To have is better than to wait and hope. The price is fair for a good antique clock. H47 Harvard Sentences The music played on while they talked.

Dispense with a vest on a day like this. The bunch of grapes was pressed into wine. He sent the figs, but kept the ripe cherries. The hinge on the door creaked with old age. The screen before the fire kept in the sparks. Fly by night and you waste little time. Thick glasses helped him read the print. Birth and death marks the limits of life. The chair looked strong but had no bottom.

H48 Harvard Sentences The kite flew wildly in the high wind. A fur muff is stylish once more. The tin box held priceless stones. We need an end of all such matter. The case was puzzling to the old and wise.

The bright lanterns were gay on the dark lawn. The youth drove with zest, but little skill. Five years he lived with a shaggy dog. A fence cuts through the corner lot.

H49 Harvard Sentences The way to save money is not to spend much. Shut the hatch before the waves push it in. The odor of spring makes young hearts jump. Crack the walnut with your sharp side teeth. He offered proof in the form of a large chart. Send the stuff in a thick paper bag. A quart of milk is water for the most part. They told wild tales to frighten him.

The three story house was built of stone. In the rear of the ground floor was a large passage. H50 Harvard Sentences A man in a blue sweater sat at the desk. Oats are a food eaten by horse and man. Their eyelids droop for want of sleep. A sip of tea revives his tired friend. There are many ways to do these things. Tuck the sheet under the edge of the mat. A force equal to that would move the earth. We like to see clear weather. The work of the tailor is seen on each side.

Take a chance and win a china doll. H51 Harvard Sentences Shake the dust from your shoes, stranger. She was kind to sick old people. The square wooden crate was packed to be shipped. The dusty bench stood by the stone wall. We dress to suit the weather of most days. Smile when you say nasty words. A bowl of rice is free with chicken stew.

The water in this well is a source of good health. Take shelter in this tent, but keep still. That guy is the writer of a few banned books. H52 Harvard Sentences. The little tales they tell are false. The door was barred, locked, and bolted as well. A big wet stain was on the round carpet. The kite dipped and swayed, but stayed aloft.



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